Category-based fence

ABSTRACT

Techniques of category-based fence are described. A category-based fence can correspond to a group of signal sources instead of a point location fixed to latitude and longitude coordinates. The group of signal sources can represent a category of entities, e.g., a particular business chain. The signal sources can be distributed to multiple discrete locations. A category-based fence associated with the group, accordingly, can correspond to multiple locations instead of a single point location and a radius. Each signal source in the group can be associated with a category identifier unique to the group and uniform among signal sources in the group. The category identifier can be programmed into each signal source. A mobile device can enter the category-based fence by entering any of the discrete locations when the mobile device detects the signal identifier. The mobile device can then execute an application program associated with the category-based fence.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to geofencing.

BACKGROUND

Some mobile devices have features for providing location-based services.For example, a mobile device can execute a pre-specified applicationprogram or present certain content when the mobile device enters orexits a geofence. The geofence can be defined by a point location and aradius. The point location can have a longitude coordinate and alatitude coordinate. The mobile device can determine that the mobiledevice has entered the geofence or exited the geofence by determining anestimated location of the mobile device and calculating a distancebetween the estimated location and the point location. Based on whetherthe calculated distance exceeds the radius of the geofence, the mobiledevice can determine whether the mobile device entered or exited thegeofence. The mobile device can determine the estimated location, whichalso includes a longitude coordinate and a latitude coordinate, using aglobal satellite system (e.g., GPS) or cellular triangulation.

SUMMARY

Techniques of category-based fence are described. A category-based fencecan be a location-agnostic fence defined by signal sources having nogeographic location information. The category-based fence can correspondto a group of signal sources instead of a point location fixed tolatitude and longitude coordinates. The group of signal sources canrepresent a category of entities, e.g., a particular business chain.Each signal source need not have geographic information on where thesignal source or the mobile device is located. Likewise, the mobiledevice need not have geographic information on where the signal sourcesare located. The signal sources can be distributed to multiple discretelocations. A category-based fence associated with the group,accordingly, can correspond to multiple locations instead of a singlepoint location and a radius. Each signal source in the group can beassociated with a category identifier unique to the group and uniformamong signal sources in the group. The category identifier can beprogrammed into each signal source. A mobile device can enter thecategory-based fence by entering any of the discrete locations when themobile device detects the signal identifier. The mobile device can thenexecute an application program associated with the category-based fence.

The features described in this specification can be implemented toachieve the following advantages. Compared to a conventional geofence, acategory-based fence permits implementation of more complexlocation-based services. Rather than limiting a geofence to a singlepoint location and radius, a category-based fence can have multiplelocations, which can correspond to distributed operations of a business,government, or education entity. For example, a retail store chainlocated in multiple cities can define a category-based fence for theretail store chain. The category-based fence can have a portion of thefence in each of the multiple cities. A same application program thatprovides promotion information on mobile devices to customers of theretail store chain can be triggered when a customer walks into any storein any city with the mobile device.

Compared to a conventional geofence, a category-based fence permitsimplementation of more flexible location-based services. Acategory-based fence can change locations when the business implementingthe category-based fence relocates. For example, if a businessassociated with a category-based fence moves from an original locationto a new location, instead of changing the latitude and longitudecoordinates of a geofence and broadcasting the change, the business canbring a signal source from the original location to the new location,and the changes to the fence are accomplished. Likewise, adding a newlocation to a category-based fence or removing a location from acategory-based fence can be accomplished without reprogramming thefence. Adding a location can be accomplished by adding a signal sourcebroadcasting the same category identifier as broadcast by other signalsources in the group defining the category-based fence. Removing alocation can be accomplished by turning off a signal source in thegroup.

Compared to a conventional geofence, a category-based fence permitshigher granularity. Since a category-based fence can be defined bymultiple signal sources sharing a category identifier, each of thesignal sources can be a low-energy signal source having a shortcommunication range (e.g., 50 meters or less, when attenuation byfurniture, walls, or human body is accounted for). The short rangeallows for precise definition of a category-based fence, which, in turn,can enhance user experience. For example, a category-based fence cantrigger an application to display a new menu of a restaurant on a mobiledevice only when a customer carrying the mobile device enters therestaurant. Whereas, a conventional geofence that depends on latitudeand longitude coordinates and GPS signals may trigger the menu to bedisplayed on a mobile device when a user of the mobile device is not atthe restaurant (e.g., when the user walks cross the street), due tointerference of GPS signals caused by surrounding buildings.

The details of one or more implementations of category-based fences areset forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Otherfeatures, aspects, and advantages of category-based fences will becomeapparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary category-based fence.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a dynamic modification of an exemplarycategory-based fence.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplarycategory-based fencing subsystem of a mobile device.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary procedure of triggering anapplication program using category-based fencing based on a categoryidentifier.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an exemplary procedure of triggering anapplication program using category-based fencing based on apoint-of-interest list.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary procedure of creating acategory-based fence.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary system architecture forimplementing the features and operations of creating a category-basedfence.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary device architectureof a mobile device implementing the features and operations ofcategory-based fence.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary network operating environmentfor the mobile devices implementing the features and operations ofcategory-based fence.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Exemplary Category-Based Fence

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary category-based fence.Mobile device 102 can be an exemplary electronic device (e.g., a tabletcomputer, a laptop computer, a smart phone, or a wearable computingdevice) programmed to execute an application program when mobile device102 enters a category-based fence. The category-based fence can bedefined by a group of signal sources including, for example, signalsources 104, 106, and 108. Each of signal sources 104, 106, and 108 canbe a wireless beacon configured to broadcast an identifier through oneor more pre-specified communication channels. In some implementations,signal sources 104, 106, and 108 are radio frequency (RF) transmitters.For example, signal sources 104, 106, and 108 can be Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11u compliant (Wi-Fi™)beacons. In some implementations, signal sources 104, 106, and 108 canbe Bluetooth™ low energy (BLE) or a near field communication (NFC)beacons. Signal sources 104, 106, and 108 can have a same device type ordifferent device types. Each of signal sources 104, 106, and 108 canbroadcast an identifier on one or more specified channels.

The identifier broadcast by each of signal sources 104, 106, and 108 canbe programmable. At least a portion of the identifier can be auniversally unique identifier (UUID). The UUID can be a number having aspecified size (e.g., 128 bits). The UUID can be unique for a group ofsignal sources (e.g., signal sources 104, 106, and 108), and uniform foreach individual signal source 104, 106, or 108 in the group. The UUIDcan be programmed through category-based fence manager 110.Category-based fence manager 110 can be a computing device (e.g., aserver) configured to generate or otherwise obtain the UUID andassociate the generated UUID with a category of entities. A UUIDassociated with a category will be referred to as a category identifier(CID).

Category-based fence manager 110 can define the category of entitiesassociated with the UUID as a category of organizations having one ormore physical presences. In some implementations, the category can be ageneralization of a type of organizations. For example, category-basedfence manager 110 can define a category “grocery stores,” “gasstations,” or “museums.” In some implementations, the category canrepresent a specific organization. For example, category-based fencemanager 110 can define a category “University of California” or “Century12 Movie Theaters.” In some implementations, category-based fencemanager 110 can cause the CIDs to be stored on signal sources 104, 106,and 108, to be broadcast as at least a portion of an identifierbroadcast by signal sources 104, 106, and 108.

Category-based fence manager 110 can provide the CID to applicationserver 112. Application server 112 can be a computing device associatingan application program, e.g., a program that displays an advertisementfor a group of entities, with the corresponding CID. The applicationprogram can be a fence-triggered program, where an entry into or exitfrom a category-based fence causes the program to be activated ordeactivated. Application server 112 can then provide the applicationprogram and associated CID to mobile device 102.

Signal sources 104, 106, and 108 can be placed at different and discretevenues. For example, signal source 104 can be placed at venue 114.Signal sources 106 and 108 can be placed at venue 116. Each of signalsources 104, 106, and 108 can have a coverage area, e.g., coverage areas124, 126, and 128, respectively. Each of coverage areas 124, 126, and128 can be an area surrounding the respective signal source within whichthe identifier as broadcast by the respective signal source can bereliably detected by mobile device 102. The size of each of coverageareas 124, 126, and 128 can correspond to communication ranges of signalsources 104, 106, and 108, respectively. Coverage areas 124, 126, and128 are shown as circular areas in FIG. 1. In various implementations,coverage areas 124, 126, and 128 may have shapes other than circles,e.g., irregulars, as limited by physical structures of venues 114 and116. Coverage areas 124, 126, and 128 need not be identical. Coverageareas 124, 126, and 128 can be sufficiently small to be discrete. Forexample, coverage areas 124, 126, and 128 limited by the communicationranges of their signal sources to within the confines of venues 114 and116, respectively, such that mobile device 102 can detect signal source104 at venue 114, but cannot detect signal source 106 or 108 at venue114. A category-based fence can be operative when at least one of signalsources 104, 106, or 108 starts to broadcast the identifier includingthe CID.

In some implementations, category-based fence manager 110 can publish alist of categories and corresponding CIDs. Table 1 below illustrates aportion of an exemplary list published by category-based fence manager110.

TABLE 1 Category CID Grocery stores fd896290-6e29-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66ABC Stores 787520c0-6e2a-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66

Thereafter, a category-based fence can be expanded by adding a newsignal source broadcasting the CID of the category. For example, when achain “ABC Stores” opens a new “ABC Store” at a location, a new signalsource programed to broadcast the corresponding CID as published inTable 1 can be placed at the new location. By adding the new signalsource and placing the new signal source at a given venue, thecategory-based fence can be expanded without having to submit a locationof the given venue to application server 112 for download by mobiledevice 102.

Mobile device 102 can acquire the fence-triggered application program,as well as the associating CID, from application server 112. Mobiledevice 102 can detect an entry into the category-based fence when awireless subsystem (e.g., a wireless processor and memory storingsoftware controlling the wireless processor) changes states from (1)detecting no signal source of the category-based fence to (2) detectingone or more sources of the category-based fence, e.g., signal source104, in M scans, where M is a pre-specified entry threshold number.Mobile device 102 can detect an exit from the category-based fence whena wireless subsystem changes states from (1) detecting one or moresources of the category-based fence to (2) detecting no signal source ofthe category-based fence, e.g., any of signal source 104, 106, or 108,in N scans, where N is a pre-specified exit threshold number. In variousimplementation, the entry threshold M can be greater than, the same as,or less than the exit threshold N. The detection can include receiving aCID from signal source 104, 106, or 108.

In some implementations, the detection of entry or exit can be performedby the wireless subsystem while an application subsystem (e.g., anapplication processor and memory storing software controlling theapplication processor) of mobile device 102 is in a “sleep” (e.g., powersaving) mode. Upon detecting the entry or exit, the wireless subsystemcan activate the application subsystem and notify the applicationsubsystem, including providing the CID to the application subsystem. Theapplication subsystem can then activate or deactivate thefence-triggered application program based on the CID.

For example, mobile device 102 can enter venue 114. Upon the entry, thewireless subsystem of mobile device 102 can detect a signal including anidentifier from signal source 104. The wireless subsystem of mobiledevice 102 can determine that at least a portion of the identifiermatches a CID registered at the wireless subsystem of mobile device 102.The wireless subsystem of mobile device 102 can then notify anapplication subsystem of mobile device 102, which, in turn, can activate(e.g., execute) the fence-triggered application program. Mobile device102 can activate the fence-triggered application program in any one ofvenue 114 or venue 116, even when venue 114 and venue 116 are far apartfrom one another. In addition, mobile device 102 can activate thefence-triggered application program in any one of venue 114 or venue 116even when mobile device 102 cannot determine an estimated geographiclocation of mobile device 102, e.g., due to lack of GPS signals indoors,or due to a positioning subsystem of mobile device 102 being turned offto save power.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a dynamic modification of an exemplarycategory-based fence. In the exemplary category-based fence, initially,signal source 104 having coverage area 124 can be placed at venue 114.Signal source 104 can broadcast a CID, for example, the CID associatedwith category “ABC Stores” of Table 1. The category “ABC Stores” can bea store chain including multiple physical stores, one of which islocated at venue 114.

The physical store at venue 114 can move to new venue 202. Venue 202 canbe an outdoor or indoor place larger than venue 114 and sufficiently faraway from venue 114 such that mobile device 102, if located at venue202, cannot detect a signal from signal source 104 when signal source104 is located at venue 114.

The fence based on category “ABC Stores” can change due to therelocation of the physical store and increase in venue size. A firstchange to the category-based fence, corresponding to the change of astore location, can be facilitated by moving signal source 104 fromvenue 114 to venue 202. A second change to the category-based fence,corresponding to the increase in venue size, can be facilitated byadding more signal sources. For example, signal source 104 can be alow-energy RF device (e.g., a BLE beacon having no more than 10milliwatts (mW) transmission power). Coverage area 124 of signal source104 can be sufficient to cover venue 114 but insufficient to cover theentirety of venue 202. Additional signal sources 204, 206, 208, and 210can be added to the category-based fence. Signal sources 204, 206, 208,and 210 can be low-energy RF devices. Coverage areas 124, 214, 216, 218,and 220 of signal sources 104, 204, 206, 208, and 210, respectively,when combined, may be sufficient to cover the entirety of venue 202substantially. Signal sources 104, 204, 206, 208, and 210 can each storea CID associated with the category “ABC Stores” and be configured tobroadcast the CID as a beacon signal.

The changed fence based on category “ABC Stores” can be operative whensignal sources 104, 204, 206, 208, and 210 start broadcasting the CID atnew venue 202. When mobile device 102 enters venue 202, mobile device102 can detect a signal from any one of signal sources 104, 204, 206,208, and 210, and upon the detection, trigger an application programassociated with the CID. The trigged application program can be the sameas the application program mobile device 102 would have triggered atvenue 114 when mobile device 102 could detect the signal from signalsource 104, when signal source 104 was located at venue 114. Forexample, the application program previous triggered by mobile device 102at venue 114 and now triggered by mobile device 102 at venue can causeuser interface 222 to be displayed on screen 224 of mobile device 102.User interface 222 can be a user interface associated with the category“ABC Stores” no matter where a specific store is physically located. Forexample, user interface 222 can include a “Welcome to ABC Store”message, and promotion items 226 and 228, that are universal to all ABCstores.

Exemplary Device Components

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of exemplarycategory-based fencing subsystem 302 of mobile device 102.Category-based fencing subsystem 302 can include application subsystem304. Application subsystem 304 can include one or more processors (e.g.,application processors) configured to execute an application program.Application subsystem 304 can include application server interface 306.Application server interface 306 is a component of application subsystem304 that includes hardware and software and is configured to communicatewith an application server (e.g., application server 112) and receive(e.g., by download) one or more application programs. Each applicationprogram received through application server interface 306 can beassociated with a CID, and configured to be triggered by entry into orexit from a category-based fence associated with the CID.

Application subsystem 304 can include application manager 308.Application manager 308 can be a component of application subsystemconfigured to store, activate, or deactivate fence-triggered applicationprograms. For example, application manager 308 can store and managefence-triggered application programs 310 and 312. Each offence-triggered application programs 310 and 312 can be associated witha corresponding CID and a specification. The specification can providethat fence-triggered application programs 310 or 312 should be activatedor deactivated when mobile device 102 enters into or exits from acorresponding category-based fence.

Application manager 308 can register the CID with wireless subsystem320. Wireless subsystem 320 is a component of category-based fencingsubsystem 302 that can include an antenna, a wireless processor (e.g., abaseband processor), and software or firmware. Wireless subsystem 320can include CID registry 322. CID registry 322 can store one or moreCIDs for scanning. Wireless subsystem 320 can include signal sourceinterface 324. Signal source interface 324 is a component of wirelesssubsystem 320 configured to scan one or more communication channels forsignals from signal sources, to detect signal source identifiers fromthe signals detected in the scans, and to match the detected signalsource identifiers with the CIDs stored in CID registry 322. Wirelesssubsystem 320 can include scan parameter registry 326 configured tostore an entry threshold (M), an exit threshold (N), or both. Signalsource interface 324 can generate a notification when a signal sourceidentifier matching one of the CID is detected in at least M scans, oris undetected in at least N scans. Wireless subsystem 320 can providethe notification to application subsystem 304. The notification caninclude one or more CIDs for which a match is detected.

Upon receiving the notification, application subsystem 304 can determinewhether to activate (e.g., execute) or to deactivate (e.g., exit fromexecution) application program 310 or 312. When an application programis activated, the application program can present a user interface itemthrough user interface manager 328. User interface manager 328 can be acomponent of mobile device 102 configured to interact with a user, e.g.,by displaying content to the user and receiving touch or voice inputfrom the user. The user interface item can be a visual item (e.g., awelcome message displayed on a screen), an audio item (e.g., asynthesized or recorded voice message), or a physical item (e.g.,vibration of mobile device 102 for reminding a user).

Exemplary Procedures

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of exemplary procedure 400 of triggering anapplication program using category-based fencing based on a categoryidentifier. Procedure 400 can be performed by mobile device 102.

Mobile device 102 can receive (402) an application program from anapplication server through application server interface 306. Theapplication program can be a fence-triggered application program to beactivated upon entering a category-based fence. The category-based fencecan be defined by, and correspond to, multiple signal sources. Thecategory-based fence can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a CID)of a signal source group that includes the signal sources. Theidentifier can include a UUID unique to the group but shared by eachsignal source in the group and broadcast by the corresponding signalsource as beacon signals.

The category-based fence can be distributed in multiple discretegeographic locations. Each discrete geographic location can correspondto one or more of the signal sources in the group. Each signal source ofthe signal source group can be a low energy signal transmitter (e.g., aBLE beacon or an NFC beacon) having a transmission power that is below atransmission power threshold, or a wireless beacon based on IEEE 802.11utechnical standard for mobile wireless communication.

Mobile device 102 can register (404) the identifier associated with thecategory-based fence for monitoring using application manager 308.Registering the identifier can include storing the identifier in CIDregistry 322 of wireless subsystem 320 of mobile device 102.

Mobile device 102 can detect (406) a signal from a signal source usingsignal source interface 324. The signal can include a signal sourceidentifier that matches the registered identifier. Detection of thesignal can be based on an entry threshold.

Mobile device 102 can determine (408), based on the match between thesignal identifier detected by signal source interface 324 and the CIDstored in CID registry 322, that mobile device 102 has entered one ofthe discrete geographic locations of the category-based fence.Determining that mobile device 102 has entered one of the discretegeographic locations can further be based on determining, usingapplication manager 308 and one or more location processors of mobiledevice 102, that mobile device 102 has transitioned from an outdoorstate to an indoor state. Determining the transition can include, forexample, determining that mobile device 102 has lost reception of GPSsignals.

Mobile device 102 can activate (410) the application program usingapplication manager 308 upon determining that mobile device 102 hasentered one of the discrete geographic locations. In someimplementations, after determining that mobile device 102 has enteredone of the discrete geographic locations, mobile device 102 can performoperations for detecting a fence exit. Mobile device 102 can scancommunication channels for signal sources, and determine one or moresignal source identifiers from the signals received in each scan. Mobiledevice 102 can determine that, for at least a threshold number of scans,none of the one or more signal source identifiers received in each scanmatches a registered identifier. Mobile device 102 can then determinethat mobile device 102 has exited the category-based fence and exit theapplication program.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of exemplary procedure 500 of triggering anapplication program using category-based fencing based on apoint-of-interest list. Procedure 500 can be performed by mobile device102.

Mobile device 102 can determine (502) an estimated location of mobiledevice 102. The estimated location can include a geographic area, e.g.,a city, or a geographic area X kilometers in diameter. Mobile device 102can determine the estimated location using GPS signals or wirelesstriangulation.

Mobile device 102 can determine (504) a point of interest database basedon the geographic area and a category identifier (CID). The CID can beassociated with a group of signal sources. Mobile device 102 can specifythe category identifier based on a user input category (e.g., “grocerystore”) and a published list of categories and corresponding CIDs. Thepoint of interest database can store signal source identifiers of signalsources in the group. The signal sources in the group can be wirelessbeacons placed at discrete locations within the geographic area. The CIDcan be shared by the signal sources in the group and broadcast by thesignal sources. In addition, each signal source can broadcast individualidentifiers with the CID. The individual identifiers and the CID canform beacon broadcast payloads of the signal sources.

Mobile device 102 can detect (506) a signal source identifier by channelscanning. Channel scanning can include tuning into frequency channelsavailable for the signal sources using wireless subsystem 320 of mobiledevice 102, determining whether a signal can be received in a channel,and when a signal is received, and determining whether a signal sourceidentifier is represented in the signal.

Mobile device 102 can determine (508) that at least a portion thedetected signal source identifier matches the CID stored in the point ofinterest database. The portion can be a UUID portion of the signalsource identifier. Mobile device 102 can then activate (510) anapplication program associated with the CID based on the match.

In some implementations, mobile device 102 can determine (512) an exitfence. The exit fence can be a category-based fence surrounding thegeographic area. Mobile device 102 can then determine an exit from theexit fence has occurred, e.g., by determining, using GPS signals, thatmobile device 102 is no longer located at the city where mobile device102 was originally located. Upon determining the exit, mobile device 102can determine a new point-of-interest database storing a new list ofsignal source identifiers. For example, when mobile device 102 hasdetermined that mobile device 102 has moved from a first city to asecond city, mobile device 102 can register a list of signal sourceidentifiers corresponding to a category “grocery store” located in thesecond city, and scan for the signal source identifiers in the new list.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of exemplary procedure 600 of creating acategory-based fence. Procedure 600 can be performed by a systemincluding one or more processors, e.g., a system that includescategory-based fence manager 110 or application server 112 or both.

The system can associate (602) a unique identifier with an applicationprogram. The unique identifier (e.g., CID) can represent acategory-based fence. The application program can be activated on mobiledevice 102 when the mobile device 102 enters the category-based fence.

The system can cause (604) a representation of the unique identifier tobe stored on multiple signal sources. The signal sources can be lowenergy signal transmitters having a transmission power that is below atransmission power threshold or a wireless beacon based on IEEE 802.11utechnical standard for mobile wireless communication.

The system can define (606) the category-based fence using multiplediscrete locations. Defining the category-based fence can includecausing the signal sources to be distributed to the discrete locations.The locations are discrete, or not connected to one another, when adesignated communication range of a first signal source located at afirst location does not reach a second location where a second signalsource is located. The system can define the category-based fenceindependent of a latitude or longitude coordinate. For example, thesystem can define the category-based fence without using of a latitudeor longitude coordinate of each discrete location.

The system can cause (608) mobile device 102 to activate the applicationprogram when mobile device 102 detects the unique identifier at any ofthe discrete locations. Causing mobile device 102 to activate theapplication program can include providing the application program tomobile device 102 in association with the unique identifier, anddesignate the application program as an application program to betriggered when mobile device 102 enters or exits the category-basedfence.

In some implementations, the system can expand the category-based fenceby adding a new discrete location. Adding the new discrete location caninclude causing an additional signal source to store the uniqueidentifier specific to the category, and causing the additional signalsource to be placed at the new discrete location and to broadcast theunique identifier.

Exemplary System Architecture

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of exemplary system architecture 700 forimplementing the features and operations of creating a category-basedfence. Other architectures are possible, including architectures withmore or fewer components. In some implementations, architecture 700includes one or more processors 702 (e.g., dual-core Intel® Xeon®Processors), one or more output devices 704 (e.g., LCD), one or morenetwork interfaces 706, one or more input devices 708 (e.g., mouse,keyboard, touch-sensitive display) and one or more computer-readablemediums 712 (e.g., RAM, ROM, SDRAM, hard disk, optical disk, flashmemory, etc.). These components can exchange communications and dataover one or more communication channels 710 (e.g., buses), which canutilize various hardware and software for facilitating the transfer ofdata and control signals between components.

The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium thatparticipates in providing instructions to processor 702 for execution,including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical ormagnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media.Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copperwire and fiber optics.

Computer-readable medium 712 can further include operating system 714(e.g., Mac OS® server, Windows Server®), network communication module716, Application configuration unit 720, CID distribution unit 730, andcategory publication unit 740. Application configuration unit 720 caninclude instructions for causing processor 702 to obtain CIDs (bygenerating the CIDs or receiving the CIDs from a UUID source) andassociating each CID with an application program. CID distribution unit730 can include instructions for causing processor 702 to provide theCIDs to one or more signal sources for storing on the signal sources.Category publication unit 740 can include instructions for causingprocessor 702 to publish one or more lists of categories andcorresponding CIDs to allow a category-based fence to be dynamicallyexpanded or changed. Operating system 714 can be multi-user,multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, real time, etc. Operatingsystem 714 performs basic tasks, including but not limited to:recognizing input from and providing output to devices 706, 708; keepingtrack and managing files and directories on computer-readable mediums712 (e.g., memory or a storage device); controlling peripheral devices;and managing traffic on the one or more communication channels 710.Network communications module 716 includes various components forestablishing and maintaining network connections (e.g., software forimplementing communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.).

Architecture 700 can be implemented in a parallel processing orpeer-to-peer infrastructure or on a single device with one or moreprocessors. Software can include multiple software components or can bea single body of code.

The described features can be implemented advantageously in one or morecomputer programs that are executable on a programmable system includingat least one programmable processor coupled to receive data andinstructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a datastorage system, at least one input device, and at least one outputdevice. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used,directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity orbring about a certain result. A computer program can be written in anyform of programming language (e.g., Objective-C, Java), includingcompiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form,including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component,subroutine, a browser-based web application, or other unit suitable foruse in a computing environment.

Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructionsinclude, by way of example, both general and special purposemicroprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors orcores, of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receiveinstructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memoryor both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor forexecuting instructions and one or more memories for storing instructionsand data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operativelycoupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices forstoring data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such asinternal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; andoptical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computerprogram instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory,including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM,EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal harddisks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, orincorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).

To provide for interaction with a user, the features can be implementedon a computer having a display device such as a CRT (cathode ray tube)or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor for displaying information tothe user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or atrackball by which the user can provide input to the computer.

The features can be implemented in a computer system that includes aback-end component, such as a data server, or that includes a middlewarecomponent, such as an application server or an Internet server, or thatincludes a front-end component, such as a client computer having agraphical user interface or an Internet browser, or any combination ofthem. The components of the system can be connected by any form ormedium of digital data communication such as a communication network.Examples of communication networks include, e.g., a LAN, a WAN, and thecomputers and networks forming the Internet.

The computer system can include clients and servers. A client and serverare generally remote from each other and typically interact through anetwork. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue ofcomputer programs running on the respective computers and having aclient-server relationship to each other.

Exemplary Mobile Device Architecture

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary device architecture 800of a mobile device implementing the features and operations ofcategory-based fence. A mobile device (e.g., mobile device 102) caninclude memory interface 802, one or more data processors, imageprocessors and/or processors 804, and peripherals interface 806. Memoryinterface 802, one or more processors 804 and/or peripherals interface806 can be separate components or can be integrated in one or moreintegrated circuits. Processors 804 can include application processors,baseband processors, and wireless processors. The various components inmobile device 102, for example, can be coupled by one or morecommunication buses or signal lines.

Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to peripherals interface806 to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, motion sensor810, light sensor 812, and proximity sensor 814 can be coupled toperipherals interface 806 to facilitate orientation, lighting, andproximity functions of the mobile device. Location processor 815 (e.g.,GPS receiver) can be connected to peripherals interface 806 to providegeopositioning. Electronic magnetometer 816 (e.g., an integrated circuitchip) can also be connected to peripherals interface 806 to provide datathat can be used to determine the direction of magnetic North. Thus,electronic magnetometer 816 can be used as an electronic compass. Motionsensor 810 can include one or more accelerometers configured todetermine change of speed and direction of movement of the mobiledevice. Barometer 817 can include one or more devices connected toperipherals interface 806 and configured to measure pressure ofatmosphere around the mobile device.

Camera subsystem 820 and an optical sensor 822, e.g., a charged coupleddevice (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) opticalsensor, can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such asrecording photographs and video clips.

Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more wirelesscommunication subsystems 824, which can include radio frequencyreceivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers andtransmitters. The specific design and implementation of thecommunication subsystem 824 can depend on the communication network(s)over which a mobile device is intended to operate. For example, a mobiledevice can include communication subsystems 824 designed to operate overa GSM network, a GPRS network, an EDGE network, a Wi-Fi™ or WiMax™network, and a Bluetooth™ network. In particular, the wirelesscommunication subsystems 824 can include hosting protocols such that themobile device can be configured as a base station for other wirelessdevices.

Audio subsystem 826 can be coupled to a speaker 828 and a microphone 830to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voicereplication, digital recording, and telephony functions. Audio subsystem826 can be configured to receive voice commands from the user.

I/O subsystem 840 can include touch surface controller 842 and/or otherinput controller(s) 844. Touch surface controller 842 can be coupled toa touch surface 846 or pad. Touch surface 846 and touch surfacecontroller 842 can, for example, detect contact and movement or breakthereof using any of a plurality of touch sensitivity technologies,including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, andsurface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensorarrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contactwith touch surface 846. Touch surface 846 can include, for example, atouch screen.

Other input controller(s) 844 can be coupled to other input/controldevices 848, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel,infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus. Theone or more buttons (not shown) can include an up/down button for volumecontrol of speaker 828 and/or microphone 830.

In one implementation, a pressing of the button for a first duration maydisengage a lock of the touch surface 846; and a pressing of the buttonfor a second duration that is longer than the first duration may turnpower to mobile device 102 on or off. The user may be able to customizea functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch surface 846can, for example, also be used to implement virtual or soft buttonsand/or a keyboard.

In some implementations, mobile device 102 can present recorded audioand/or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In someimplementations, mobile device 102 can include the functionality of anMP3 player. Mobile device 102 may, therefore, include a pin connectorthat is compatible with the iPod. Other input/output and control devicescan also be used.

Memory interface 802 can be coupled to memory 850. Memory 850 caninclude high-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more opticalstorage devices, and/or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). Memory 850 canstore operating system 852, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, iOS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks. Operatingsystem 852 may include instructions for handling basic system servicesand for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations,operating system 852 can include a kernel (e.g., UNIX kernel).

Memory 850 may also store communication instructions 854 to facilitatecommunicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computersand/or one or more servers. Memory 850 may include graphical userinterface instructions 856 to facilitate graphic user interfaceprocessing; sensor processing instructions 858 to facilitatesensor-related processing and functions; phone instructions 860 tofacilitate phone-related processes and functions; electronic messaginginstructions 862 to facilitate electronic-messaging related processesand functions; web browsing instructions 864 to facilitate webbrowsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions866 to facilitate media processing-related processes and functions;GPS/Navigation instructions 868 to facilitate GPS and navigation-relatedprocesses and instructions; camera instructions 870 to facilitatecamera-related processes and functions; magnetometer data 872 andcalibration instructions 874 to facilitate magnetometer calibration. Thememory 850 may also store other software instructions (not shown), suchas security instructions, web video instructions to facilitate webvideo-related processes and functions, and/or web shopping instructionsto facilitate web shopping-related processes and functions. In someimplementations, the media processing instructions 866 are divided intoaudio processing instructions and video processing instructions tofacilitate audio processing-related processes and functions and videoprocessing-related processes and functions, respectively. An activationrecord and International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) or similarhardware identifier can also be stored in memory 850. Memory 850 canstore fencing instructions 876 that, when executed, can cause processor804 to perform operations of generating a fence-triggered applicationprogram or requesting a fence-triggered application program from aserver, managing the fence-triggered application program, and activatingor deactivating the fence-triggered application program uponnotification that mobile device 102 has entered or exited acategory-based fence.

Each of the above identified instructions and applications cancorrespond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above. These instructions need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures, or modules. Memory 850 can includeadditional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, variousfunctions of the mobile device may be implemented in hardware and/or insoftware, including in one or more signal processing and/or applicationspecific integrated circuits.

Exemplary Operating Environment

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of exemplary network operating environment 900for the mobile devices implementing the features and operations ofcategory-based fence. Mobile devices 902 a and 902 b can, for example,communicate over one or more wired and/or wireless networks 910 in datacommunication. For example, a wireless network 912, e.g., a cellularnetwork, can communicate with a wide area network (WAN) 914, such as theInternet, by use of a gateway 916. Likewise, an access device 918, suchas an 802.11g wireless access point, can provide communication access tothe wide area network 914. Each of mobile devices 902 a and 902 b can bemobile device 102.

In some implementations, both voice and data communications can beestablished over wireless network 912 and the access device 918. Forexample, mobile device 902 a can place and receive phone calls (e.g.,using voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) protocols), send and receivee-mail messages (e.g., using Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)), andretrieve electronic documents and/or streams, such as web pages,photographs, and videos, over wireless network 912, gateway 916, andwide area network 914 (e.g., using Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)).Likewise, in some implementations, the mobile device 902 b can place andreceive phone calls, send and receive e-mail messages, and retrieveelectronic documents over the access device 918 and the wide areanetwork 914. In some implementations, mobile device 902 a or 902 b canbe physically connected to the access device 918 using one or morecables and the access device 918 can be a personal computer. In thisconfiguration, mobile device 902 a or 902 b can be referred to as a“tethered” device.

Mobile devices 902 a and 902 b can also establish communications byother means. For example, wireless device 902 a can communicate withother wireless devices, e.g., other mobile devices, cell phones, etc.,over the wireless network 912. Likewise, mobile devices 902 a and 902 bcan establish peer-to-peer communications 920, e.g., a personal areanetwork, by use of one or more communication subsystems, such as theBluetooth™ communication devices. Other communication protocols andtopologies can also be implemented.

The mobile device 902 a or 902 b can, for example, communicate with oneor more services 930 and 940 over the one or more wired and/or wirelessnetworks. For example, one or more category-based fence services 930 canprovide fence-triggered application programs and associated CIDs tomobile devices 902 a and 902 b. Category service 940 can providepublished categories and corresponding CIDs to mobile devices 902 a and902 b such that a user of mobile devices 902 a and 902 b can add asignal source to a fence of a category by storing the CID correspondingto the category to the signal source, or modify a category of a signalsource by changing the CID stored on the signal source.

Mobile device 902 a or 902 b can communicate with one or more signalsources 950. Each signal source 950 can be a wireless beacon configuredto broadcast a signal source identifier. The signal source identifiercan include a CID. In some implementations, each signal source 950 cancommunicate to other devices through wide area network 914 or facilitatecommunication between mobile device 902 a or 902 b with the otherdevices. In some implementations, each signal source 950 can beindependent from a communications network, and function solely asbeacons of category-based fences.

Mobile device 902 a or 902 b can also access other data and content overthe one or more wired and/or wireless networks. For example, contentpublishers, such as news sites, Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds,web sites, blogs, social networking sites, developer networks, etc., canbe accessed by mobile device 902 a or 902 b. Such access can be providedby invocation of a web browsing function or application (e.g., abrowser) in response to a user touching, for example, a Web object.

A number of implementations of the invention have been described.Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications can bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a mobiledevice, an application program, the application program being configuredto activate upon entering a category-based fence, the category-basedfence corresponding to a signal source group including a plurality ofsignal sources and being associated with an identifier of the signalsource group, wherein the category-based fence is distributed in aplurality of discrete geographic locations, each discrete geographiclocation corresponding to one or more of the signal sources, each of thesignal sources being configured to broadcast the identifier, and whereinthe identifier of the signal source group includes a universally uniqueidentifier (UUID) that is unique for the signal source group and uniformfor each individual signal source in the group, the UUID beingprogrammed to correspond to a category of organizations having aplurality of physical presences; registering the identifier formonitoring by the mobile device; detecting, by the mobile device, asignal from a signal source, the signal including a signal sourceidentifier that matches the registered identifier; determining, based onthe match, that the mobile device has entered one of the discretegeographic locations of the category-based fence; and activating theapplication program upon the determining.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein each signal source of the signal source group is at least oneof: a low energy signal transmitter having a transmission power that isbelow a transmission power threshold, or a wireless beacon based on IEEE802.11u technical standard for mobile wireless communication.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, wherein each signal source is a Bluetooth™ low energy(BLE) device or a near field communication (NFC) device.
 4. The methodof claim 1, comprising adding a new signal source to the category oforganizations by programming the new signal source to broadcast theUUID.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the mobiledevice has entered one of the discrete geographic locations is furtherbased on determining that the mobile device has transitioned from anoutdoor state to an indoor state.
 6. The method of claim 1, comprising,after determining that the mobile device has entered one of the discretegeographic locations: scanning a plurality of communication channels forsignal source broadcasts, including determining one or more signalsource identifiers received in each scan; determining that, for at leasta threshold number of scans, none of the one or more signal sourceidentifiers received in each scan matches the registered identifier;determining that the mobile device has exited the category-based fence;and then exiting the application program.
 7. A method, comprising:associating, by a system comprising one or more processors, a uniqueidentifier with an application program, the unique identifierrepresenting a category-based fence, the application program configuredto be activated on a mobile device when the mobile device enters thecategory-based fence, the category-based fence corresponding to a signalsource group comprising a plurality of signal sources, wherein theunique identifier includes a universally unique identifier (UUID) thatis unique for the signal source group and uniform for each individualsignal source in the group, the UUID being programmed to correspond to acategory of organizations having a plurality of physical presences;causing a representation of the unique identifier to be stored on theplurality of signal sources; defining the category-based fence using aplurality of discrete locations, including causing the signal sources tobe distributed to the discrete locations, wherein a designatedcommunication range of a first signal source located at a first locationdoes not reach a second location where a second signal source islocated; and causing the mobile device to activate the applicationprogram when the mobile device detects the unique identifier at any ofthe discrete locations.
 8. The method of claim 7, comprising expandingthe category-based fence by adding a new discrete location, whereinadding the new discrete location comprises causing an additional signalsource to be placed at the new discrete location, the additional signalsource storing the representation of the unique identifier.
 9. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the category-based fence is definedindependent of a latitude or longitude coordinate.
 10. A methodcomprising: determining, by a mobile device, an estimated location ofthe mobile device, the estimated location comprising a geographic area;determining a point of interest database based on the geographic areaand a category identifier, the category identifier being associated witha group of signal sources, each signal source having a signal sourceidentifier and being placed at a discrete location within the geographicarea, wherein the point of interest database stores the signal sourceidentifiers of signal sources in the group, wherein the categoryidentifier includes a universally unique identifier (UUID) that isunique for the group of signal sources and uniform for each individualsignal source in the group, the UUID being programmed to correspond to acategory of organizations having a plurality of physical presences;detecting a signal source identifier by scanning a plurality ofcommunication channels; determining that at least a portion of thedetected signal source identifier matches one of the signal sourceidentifiers stored in the point-of-interest database; and activating anapplication program associated with the category identifier based on thematch.
 11. The method of claim 10, comprising: determining an exitfence, the exit fence corresponding to the geographic area; anddetermining a new point-of-interest database upon determining an exitfrom the exit fence.
 12. A system comprising: a mobile device; and astorage device coupled to the mobile device, the storage device storingcomputer instructions operable to cause the mobile device to performoperations comprising: receiving an application program, the applicationprogram being configured to activate upon entering a category-basedfence, the category-based fence corresponding to a signal source groupincluding a plurality of signal sources and being associated with anidentifier of the signal source group, wherein the category-based fenceis distributed in a plurality of discrete geographic locations, eachdiscrete geographic location corresponding to one or more of the signalsources, each of the signal sources being configured to broadcast theidentifier, and wherein the identifier of the signal source groupincludes a universally unique identifier (UUID) that is unique for thesignal source group and uniform for each individual signal source in thegroup, the UUID being programmed to correspond to a category oforganizations having a plurality of physical presences; registering theidentifier for monitoring; detecting a signal from a signal source, thesignal including a signal source identifier that matches the registeredidentifier; determining, based on the match, that the mobile device hasentered one of the discrete geographic locations of the category-basedfence; and activating the application program upon the determining. 13.The system of claim 12, wherein each signal source of the signal sourcegroup is at least one of: a low energy signal transmitter having atransmission power that is below a transmission power threshold, or awireless beacon based on IEEE 802.11u technical standard for mobilewireless communication.
 14. The system of claim 12, comprising adding anew signal source to the category of organizations by programming thenew signal source to broadcast the UUID.
 15. The system of claim 12,wherein determining that the mobile device has entered one of thediscrete geographic locations is further based on determining that themobile device has transitioned from an outdoor state to an indoor state.16. The system of claim 12, the operations comprising, after determiningthat the mobile device has entered one of the discrete geographiclocations: scanning a plurality of communication channels for signalsource broadcasts, including determining one or more signal sourceidentifiers received in each scan; determining that, for at least athreshold number of scans, none of the one or more signal sourceidentifiers received in each scan matches the registered identifier;determining that the mobile device has exited the category-based fence;and then exiting the application program.
 17. A system comprising: oneor more processors; and a storage device coupled to the one or moreprocessors, the storage device storing computer instructions operable tocause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:associating a unique identifier with an application program, the uniqueidentifier representing a category-based fence, the application programconfigured to be activated on a mobile device when the mobile deviceenters the category-based fence, the category-based fence correspondingto a signal source group comprising a plurality of signal sources,wherein the unique identifier includes a universally unique identifier(UUID) that is unique for the signal source group and uniform for eachindividual signal source in the group, the UUID being programmed tocorrespond to a category of organizations having a plurality of physicalpresences; causing a representation of the unique identifier to bestored on multiple signal sources; defining the category-based fenceusing a plurality of discrete locations, including causing the signalsources to be distributed to the discrete locations, wherein adesignated communication range of a first signal source located at afirst location does not reach a second location where a second signalsource is located; and causing the mobile device to activate theapplication program when the mobile device detects the unique identifierat any of the discrete locations.
 18. The system of claim 17, theoperations comprising expanding the category-based fence by adding a newdiscrete location, wherein adding the new discrete location comprisescausing an additional signal source to be placed at the new discretelocation, the additional signal source storing the representation of theunique identifier.
 19. The system of claim 17, wherein thecategory-based fence is defined independent of a latitude or longitudecoordinate.
 20. A system comprising: a mobile device; and a storagedevice coupled to the mobile device, the storage device storing computerinstructions operable to cause the mobile device to perform operationscomprising: determining an estimated location of the mobile device, theestimated location comprising a geographic area; determining a point ofinterest database based on the geographic area and a categoryidentifier, the category identifier being associated with a group ofsignal sources, each signal source having a signal source identifier andbeing placed at a discrete location within the geographic area, whereinthe point of interest database stores the signal source identifiers ofsignal sources in the group, wherein the category identifier includes auniversally unique identifier (UUID) that is unique for the group ofsignal sources and uniform for each individual signal source in thegroup, the UUID being programmed to correspond to a category oforganizations having a plurality of physical presences; detecting asignal source identifier by scanning a plurality of communicationchannels; determining that at least a portion of the detected signalsource identifier matches one of the signal source identifiers stored inthe point-of-interest database; and activating an application programassociated with the category identifier based on the match.
 21. Thesystem of claim 20, the operations comprising: determining an exitfence, the exit fence corresponding to the geographic area; anddetermining a new point-of-interest database upon determining an exitfrom the exit fence.
 22. A non-transitory storage device coupled to amobile device, the non-transitory storage device storing computerinstructions operable to cause the mobile device to perform operationscomprising: receiving an application program, the application programbeing configured to activate upon entering a category-based fence, thecategory-based fence corresponding to a signal source group including aplurality of signal sources and being associated with an identifier ofthe signal source group, wherein the category-based fence is distributedin a plurality of discrete geographic locations, each discretegeographic location corresponding to one or more of the signal sources,each of the signal sources being configured to broadcast the identifier,and wherein the identifier of the signal source group includes auniversally unique identifier (UUID) that is unique for the signalsource group and uniform for each individual signal source in the group,the UUID being programmed to correspond to a category of organizationshaving a plurality of physical presences; registering the identifier formonitoring by the mobile device; detecting a signal from a signalsource, the signal including a signal source identifier that matches theregistered identifier; determining, based on the match, that the mobiledevice has entered one of the discrete geographic locations of thecategory-based fence; and activating the application program upon thedetermining.
 23. The non-transitory storage device of claim 22, whereineach signal source of the signal source group is at least one of: a lowenergy signal transmitter having a transmission power that is below atransmission power threshold, or a wireless beacon based on IEEE 802.11utechnical standard for mobile wireless communication.
 24. Thenon-transitory storage device of claim 22, wherein determining that themobile device has entered one of the discrete geographic locations isfurther based on determining that the mobile device has transitionedfrom an outdoor state to an indoor state.
 25. The non-transitory storagedevice of claim 22, the operations comprising, after determining thatthe mobile device has entered one of the discrete geographic locations:scanning a plurality of communication channels for signal sourcebroadcasts, including determining one or more signal source identifiersreceived in each scan; determining that, for at least a threshold numberof scans, none of the one or more signal source identifiers received ineach scan matches the registered identifier; determining that the mobiledevice has exited the category-based fence; and then exiting theapplication program.
 26. A non-transitory storage device coupled to asystem including one or more processors, the non-transitory storagedevice storing computer instructions operable to cause the system toperform operations comprising: associating a unique identifier with anapplication program, the unique identifier representing a category-basedfence, the application program configured to be activated on a mobiledevice when the mobile device enters the category-based fence, thecategory-based fence corresponding to a signal source group comprising aplurality of signal sources, wherein the unique identifier includes auniversally unique identifier (UUID) that is unique for the signalsource group and uniform for each individual signal source in the group,the UUID being programmed to correspond to a category of organizationshaving a plurality of physical presences; causing a representation ofthe unique identifier to be stored on multiple signal sources; definingthe category-based fence using a plurality of discrete locations,including causing the signal sources to be distributed to the discretelocations, wherein a designated communication range of a first signalsource located at a first location does not reach a second locationwhere a second signal source is located; and causing the mobile deviceto activate the application program when the mobile device detects theunique identifier at any of the discrete locations.
 27. Thenon-transitory storage device of claim 26, the operations comprisingexpanding the category-based fence by adding a new discrete location,wherein adding the new discrete location comprises causing an additionalsignal source to be placed at the new discrete location, the additionalsignal source storing the representation of the unique identifier. 28.The non-transitory storage device of claim 26, wherein thecategory-based fence is defined independent of a latitude or longitudecoordinate.
 29. A non-transitory storage device coupled to a mobiledevice, the non-transitory storage device storing computer instructionsoperable to cause the mobile device to perform operations comprising:determining an estimated location of the mobile device, the estimatedlocation comprising a geographic area; determining a point of interestdatabase based on the geographic area and a category identifier, thecategory identifier being associated with a group of signal sources,each signal source having a signal source identifier and being placed ata discrete location within the geographic area, wherein the point ofinterest database stores the signal source identifiers of signal sourcesin the group, wherein the category identifier includes a universallyunique identifier (UUID) that is unique for the group of signal sourcesand uniform for each individual signal source in the group, the UUIDbeing programmed to correspond to a category of organizations having aplurality of physical presences; detecting a signal source identifier byscanning a plurality of communication channels; determining that atleast a portion of the detected signal source identifier matches one ofthe signal source identifiers stored in the point-of-interest database;and activating an application program associated with the categoryidentifier based on the match.
 30. The non-transitory storage device ofclaim 29, the operations comprising: determining an exit fence, the exitfence corresponding to the geographic area; and determining a newpoint-of-interest database upon determining an exit from the exit fence.